Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels in the head, particularly the temporal arteries, which are located near the temples. This disease can cause inflammation and damage to the arterial walls, leading to a variety of symptoms and potentially serious complications if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of temporal arteritis and the various treatments available for this condition.

Symptoms of Temporal Arteritis The symptoms of temporal arteritis can be quite diverse and may vary from person to person. However, some common symptoms include:

• Headache: This is one of the most common symptoms of temporal arteritis, and it can be severe and persistent. The headache is typically felt in the temple region, but can also be felt in other areas of the head.
• Scalp pain: Some people with temporal arteritis experience pain and tenderness in the scalp, especially when combing their hair or wearing a hat.
• Jaw pain: People with temporal arteritis may experience pain and difficulty chewing food, particularly when eating hard or crunchy foods.
• Vision problems: Temporal arteritis can cause visual symptoms such as double vision, temporary vision loss, or permanent vision loss in one eye.
• Fatigue: People with temporal arteritis often feel tired and weak, and may experience a general sense of malaise.
• Muscle aches: Some individuals with temporal arteritis may experience muscle aches and pains, particularly in the neck, arms, and legs.
• High fever: A high fever may occur in some individuals with temporal arteritis, although this is less common.
• Weight loss: Some individuals with temporal arteritis may experience significant weight loss, particularly if the disease is severe or not well controlled.

Diagnosis of Temporal Arteritis If you experience any of the symptoms listed above, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. To diagnose temporal arteritis, your doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination, and may also perform a number of tests, including:

• Blood tests: Blood tests can help to identify inflammation in the body, and can also help to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
• Biopsy: A biopsy of the temporal artery may be performed to confirm a diagnosis of temporal arteritis. This involves removing a small piece of the temporal artery for examination under a microscope.
• Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan may be performed to visualize the blood vessels in the head and to identify any areas of inflammation.

Treatment for Temporal Arteritis Once a diagnosis of temporal arteritis has been made, treatment is necessary to prevent further damage to the blood vessels in the head and to reduce the risk of serious complications such as vision loss or stroke. The mainstay of treatment for temporal arteritis is high-dose corticosteroid therapy, usually in the form of prednisone. This medication works by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation in the blood vessels.

In addition to corticosteroid therapy, other treatments for temporal arteritis may include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or aspirin may be prescribed to help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Immunosuppressive drugs: In some cases, other immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed in addition to corticosteroid therapy to further suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy or rehabilitation may be recommended for individuals with temporal arteritis who have difficulty with movements such as chewing or speaking.